Netherlands

EPA (public route): undergraduate (non-EU) tuition is €8,000–15,000/yr, postgraduate (non-EU) €11,000–20,000/yr, Universities of Applied Sciences €7,000–12,000/yr, the EU statutory rate is ~€2,700/yr, proof of funds ~€13,200/yr, and estimated cost of living ~€1,100/month. GAC (full-fee route): applied sciences (hbo, non-EU) tuition is €8,000–12,000/yr, private universities €10,000–20,000/yr, hospitality/specialist €11,000–16,000/yr, foundation/pathway €7,000–10,000/yr, proof of funds ~€13,000/yr, and estimated cost of living ~€1,100–1,500/month.

Dutch is the official language, but most master's programmes are taught in English (EPA route), and English is the language of instruction across the applied-sciences/private programmes (GAC route); bachelor's typically requires IELTS 6.0–6.5 (or TOEFL for English-taught courses), and master's requires IELTS 6.5 with no band below 6.0, with GMAT required for some MBA/business programmes.

Non-EU students need an entry visa (MVV) and residence permit, which the university/institution applies for on the student's behalf; applicants must show proof of funds of approximately €13,200/yr (EPA route) or ~€13,000/yr (GAC route), arrange health insurance, and register with the municipality after arrival.

Non-EU students may work part-time with a permit during study (16 hours/week, or full-time in summer, per the GAC brochure), and graduates can stay on a 1-year Orientation Year (zoekjaar) visa to search for work, with a fast, employer-sponsored Highly Skilled Migrant work permit available and a Dutch degree recognised across the EU.